Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A Peptide-Based PD1 Antagonist Enhances T-Cell Priming and Efficacy of a Prophylactic Malaria Vaccine and Promotes Survival in a Lethal Malaria Model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01377

Figure Lengend Snippet: LD01 increases antigen-specific CD8 + T cell numbers following AdPyCS vaccination. (A) At day 12 post-AdPyCS immunization, immunogenicity was assessed by measuring the number of splenic PyCS-specific, IFN-γ-secreting CD8 + T cells using the ELISpot assay after stimulation with the H-2kd restricted CD8 epitope SYVPSAEQI. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Data from one of two independent experiments are shown. Significant differences between AdPyCS + control peptide and treated mice were determined using a one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test and are denoted by * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005. (B) Immunized and treated mice were challenged with Py 17XNL sporozoites IV. Data represent two independent experiments ( n = 10/group/experiment) and are expressed as the mean percent protection. Parasitemia was assessed beginning at day 3 post-challenge, and sterile protection was defined as the absence of parasite detection in the blood through day 7 by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin smears.

Article Snippet: The relative numbers of splenic PyCS-specific, IFN-γ-secreting CD8 + T cells of AdPyCS- or RAS-immunized mice were determined by an ELISpot assay, using a mouse IFN-γ ELISpot kit (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and a synthetic 9-mer peptide, SYVPSAEQI (Peptide 2.0 Inc., Chantilly, VA) corresponding to the immunodominant CD8 + T cell epitope within PyCS, as previously described ( ).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A Peptide-Based PD1 Antagonist Enhances T-Cell Priming and Efficacy of a Prophylactic Malaria Vaccine and Promotes Survival in a Lethal Malaria Model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01377

Figure Lengend Snippet: LD01 enhances antigen-specific CD8 + T cell numbers following RAS vaccination. At day 12 post-RAS immunization, immunogenicity was assessed by measuring the number of splenic PyCS-specific, IFN-γ-secreting CD8 + T cells using the ELISpot assay after stimulation with the H-2kd restricted CD8 epitope SYVPSAEQI. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Data from one of two independent experiments are shown. Significant differences between RAS alone and treated mice were determined using a two-tailed Unpaired t -test and are denoted by ** p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: The relative numbers of splenic PyCS-specific, IFN-γ-secreting CD8 + T cells of AdPyCS- or RAS-immunized mice were determined by an ELISpot assay, using a mouse IFN-γ ELISpot kit (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and a synthetic 9-mer peptide, SYVPSAEQI (Peptide 2.0 Inc., Chantilly, VA) corresponding to the immunodominant CD8 + T cell epitope within PyCS, as previously described ( ).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma

Article Title: Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth

doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1606

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table of All Conditions Tested for Adhesion Experiments

Article Snippet: A 17-mer peptide sequence, CRARKQAS IKVAV SADR, and a 9-mer peptide sequence, CDPG YIGSR , were custom synthesized (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ), and conjugated to the backbone of collagen in suspension.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma

Article Title: Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth

doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1606

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurite growth anisotropy in experiments with YIGSR-grafted collagen with a 5-mm cross-channel (A), and a 3-mm cross-channel (B). Each point represents the average length of neurites extending up the gradient and down the gradient from a single network±standard error of the mean (SEM). For conditions where no gradient was present, the direction with longer average growth was plotted as the ordinate value. The dashed line represents perfectly symmetric growth. In no case was growth perfectly uniform, though in control conditions, the points fell close to the dashed line. In gradient conditions, neurite growth appeared to be consistently biased up the gradient of adhesion for all conditions except the shallowest gradient produced with 50% YIGSR-grafted collagen as the source across a 5-mm channel. The experiments were further quantified to determine the average relative growth bias (Table 2) and average total length (Fig. 7).

Article Snippet: A 17-mer peptide sequence, CRARKQAS IKVAV SADR, and a 9-mer peptide sequence, CDPG YIGSR , were custom synthesized (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ), and conjugated to the backbone of collagen in suspension.

Techniques: Control, Produced

Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma

Article Title: Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth

doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1606

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurite growth anisotropy in experiments with a combination of a relatively steep YIGSR-grafted collagen gradient, and shallow IKVAV-grafted collagen with a 5-mm cross-channel. Each point represents the average length of neurites extending up the gradient and down the gradient from a single network±standard error of the mean (SEM). For the control condition, the direction with longer average growth was plotted as the ordinate value. The dashed line represents perfectly symmetric growth. In no case was growth perfectly uniform, though in control conditions, the points fell close to the dashed line. In the combined gradient condition, neurite growth was substantially and consistently biased up the gradient of adhesion. The experiments were further quantified to determine the average relative growth bias (Table 2) and average total length (Fig. 7).

Article Snippet: A 17-mer peptide sequence, CRARKQAS IKVAV SADR, and a 9-mer peptide sequence, CDPG YIGSR , were custom synthesized (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ), and conjugated to the backbone of collagen in suspension.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma

Article Title: Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth

doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1606

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Results from Adhesion Gradient Experiments

Article Snippet: A 17-mer peptide sequence, CRARKQAS IKVAV SADR, and a 9-mer peptide sequence, CDPG YIGSR , were custom synthesized (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ), and conjugated to the backbone of collagen in suspension.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of Neurotrauma

Article Title: Microfluidic Generation of Haptotactic Gradients through 3D Collagen Gels for Enhanced Neurite Growth

doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1606

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average lengths of neurite growth (±standard error of the mean; SEM) for experiments with a 5-mm cross-channel (A) and 3-mm cross-channel (B). The large error bars are consistent with the spread of the individual points shown in Figs. 4–6, which was linked to day-to-day variations in the growth from explants from a particular chick embryo. These variations were accounted for statistically with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the gradient condition as a fixed effect, and the day of the experiment as a random effect, followed by post-hoc testing against the untreated control with Fisher's Least Significant Difference Test to identify which conditions produced accelerated growth (*p<0.05). It is noted that the omnibus ANOVA for IKVAV in 5-mm cross-channels failed to be significant (p=0.110), which precluded subsequent testing of individual conditions against the control. Most conditions with any grafted IKVAV or YIGSR produced growth that was significantly greater than controls, except down the gradient of 0–100% YIGSR in 5-mm channels, and down the gradient of combined peptides in 5-mm channels. It is noteworthy that growth in IKVAV-grafted conditions followed a bi-modal response with respect to average concentration.

Article Snippet: A 17-mer peptide sequence, CRARKQAS IKVAV SADR, and a 9-mer peptide sequence, CDPG YIGSR , were custom synthesized (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ), and conjugated to the backbone of collagen in suspension.

Techniques: Control, Produced, Concentration Assay